Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense
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| Nickname(s) | Tricolor (Tricolour), Imortal (Immortal) | |||
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| Founded | September 15, 1903 | |||
| Ground | Olímpico Monumental, Porto Alegre, Brazil (Capacity: 51,082) |
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| Chairman |  Fernando A. Kroeff |
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| Manager | Renato Portaluppi |
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| League | Campeonato Brasileiro Série A | |||
| 2009 | Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, 8th | |||
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 Current season |
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Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense, is a Brazilian professional association football team based in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul founded by English and German immigrants on September 15, 1903. Major titles captured by Grêmio include one Intercontinental Cup, two Copa Libertadores de América, two national championships and four national cups[1]. Grêmio plays in a tricolour (blue, white and black) striped shirt, black shorts and white socks (first kit). The club enjoys a cross-city rivalry with Sport Club Internacional, with their derbies known as "Gre–Nal".
The club is officially ranked the #1 Brazilian team by the CBF (Brazilian Football Confederation) [2]. Grêmio is also ranked the #3 Brazilian team in continental competitions by CONMEBOL (South American Football Confederation) [3]
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History
The beginning
On September 7, 1903 Brazil's first football team, Sport Club Rio Grande, played an exhibition match in Porto Alegre. An entrepreneur from Sorocaba, São Paulo called Cândido Dias was besotted with the sport and went to the ground to watch the match. During the match, the ball deflated. As the only owner of a football in Porto Alegre, he lent his ball to the players, and the match resumed. After the match, he talked to the players about how to found a football club. On September 15, 1903, 32 people, including Cândido Dias, met at Salão Grau restaurant in the city and founded Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense. Carlos Luiz Bohrer was elected as first president (Grêmio is now considered the best team in Brazil)[4].
The new club's first match took place on March 6, 1904, against Fuss Ball Porto Alegre, the first of two matches played that day. Grêmio won the first match 1-0. Unfortunately, newspaper reports of the time do not record the name of the player who scored the first goal in the club's history. The trophy Grêmio won that day, the Wanderpreis, still exists and is displayed at the club’s museum. Five months later, Grêmio inaugurated his first stadium, called Baixada.
In the early years of Grêmio’s history, football was not a very popular game in Brazil and few teams existed. On July 18, 1909, Grêmio beat Internacional 10-0 on the latter's debut. Reportedly Grêmio’s goalkeeper Kallfelz left the field and went to talk with fans during the match. Even now this victory is remembered with pride by the Gremistas (Grêmio supporters). The match was the starting point for a strong rivalry which lives on to this day. The so-called Gre–Nal is considered by many to be one of the most hotly contested derbies in the world.
Grêmio was one of the founding members of Porto Alegre’s football league in 1910, and in 1911 won the city league for the first time. On August 25, 1912, in a city league match, Grêmio beat Sport Clube Nacional of Porto Alegre 23-0. Sisson scored 14 goals in the match in Grêmio's biggest ever win.
In 1918, Grêmio was one of the founders of Fundação Rio-Grandense de Desportes (later known as Federação Gaúcha de Futebol), a club federation which organized the first state championships of Rio Grande do Sul. The first championship was scheduled for 1918, but the Spanish flu epidemic forced the whole event to be postponed until 1919. In 1921, a year after the arrival of legendary goalkeeper Eurico Lara, Grêmio won its first state championship.
Grêmio enjoyed many pioneering moments in the 20th century. On July 7, 1911 Grêmio beat Uruguay's national team 2-1. In 1931, Grêmio became one of the first teams in Brazil to play matches at night after installing floodlights at its Baixada stadium. On May 19, 1935, Grêmio became the first team from Rio Grande do Sul to beat a team from the state of São Paulo, considered the strongest Brazilian league at the time, when it defeated Santos 3-2. Grêmio was also the first club outside Rio de Janeiro state to play at the Maracanã Stadium, defeating Flamengo 3-1 in 1950.
During this period, Grêmio started to make a name abroad. In 1932 it played its first international match in Rivera,(Uruguay). In 1949, the match against Uruguay’s Nacional ended in a 3-1 win for Grêmio and the players were received a heroes' welcome on their return to Porto Alegre. In that same year, Grêmio played for the first time in Central America. During the years 1953-1954, Grêmio travelled to (Mexico, Ecuador and Colombia, an achievement dubbed “the conquest of the Americas”. On February 25, 1959, Grêmio defeated Boca Juniors 4-1 in Buenos Aires, becoming the first foreign team to beat Boca at La Bombonera Stadium. And in 1961, Grêmio went for its first (and very successful) European jaunt, playing 24 matches at 11 countries: France, Rumania, Belgium, Greece, Germany, Poland, Bulgaria, Luxembourg, Denmark, Estonia and Russia.
The professionalism at club
The Gremistas were growing in number, and soon became known for their fanaticism and loyalty to Grêmio. 1946 saw the first appearance of the famous statement “com o Grêmio onde o Grêmio estiver” (“with Grêmio wherever Grêmio may be”), which was later incorporated at Grêmio’s official anthem. This phrase was created by Salim Nigri, one of the most famous and revered Grêmio fans. It celebrates the Gremistas reputation for attending all Grêmio matches, regardless of the difficulties and obstacles, making long trips to follow their team wherever they play.
In the late 1950s, Grêmio joined the Taça Brasil, the Brazilian league at the time. The team did well, reaching the Taça Brasil semi-finals in 1959, 1963 and 1967. In 1968, the team won its first international title in a friendly cup with teams from Brazil and Uruguay. In 1954, Grêmio first played at what was the biggest private stadium in Brazil at the time, the Olímpico Stadium.
In 1971, the Taça Brasil championship was replaced by the Campeonato Brasileiro, which is the top football showcase in Brazil even today. The first goal ever scored in the Campeonato Brasileiro was by Grêmio player Scotta, an Argentinian, in a match against São Paulo at Estádio do Morumbi. Grêmio maintained a series of respectable results in Campeonato Brasileiro, usually staying at the top half of the league table.
Valdir Espinosa and the Intercontinental Cup 1983
The greatest period in Grêmio's history came in the 1980s, coinciding with the completion in July 1980 of their new stadium, the Olímpico Monumental. On May 3, 1981, Grêmio won its first Campeonato Brasileiro after defeating São Paulo in the final at the Morumbi Stadium in São Paulo. The scores in the two-leg final were 2-1 at Olímpico and 1-0 for Grêmio at Morumbi. The winning goal was scored by striker Baltazar. Earlier, in April 26, 1981 Olímpico had its biggest attendance ever, when 98,421 fans watched Grêmio lose to Ponte Preta 0-1 in the Campeonato Brasileiro semi-final. This record will never be beaten, as the Olímpico Monumental was later rebuilt and nowadays holds no more than 50.000 people.
1983 was the most successful year in Grêmio’s history. First, Grêmio won the South-American league Copa Libertadores, after a consistent yet eventful campaign. One of the matches of the triangular semi-final, the 3-3 draw against Estudiantes at Jorge Luis Hirschi Stadium, became legendary for its belligerence on and off inside the pitch, and is dubbed the “Batalha de La Plata” (“Battle of La Plata”), alluding to the hometown of Estudiantes. In the finals, Grêmio beat the 1982 South America and World champions Peñarol from Uruguay, with a 1-1 draw in Montevideo and a 2-1 win in Porto Alegre. The winning goal was scored by César just before the end of the match. A year later, Grêmio was runner-up in the Copa Libertadores finals, being defeated by Argentina’s Independiente.
Also in 1983, Grêmio won the Intercontinental Cup after defeating Hamburger SV of Germany 2-1. Renato scored both goals, and Uruguayan defender De León and goalkeeper Mazaropi were also regarded as heroes of this historic victory. In Porto Alegre, Grêmio's fans began the famous chant: "The Earth is Blue". Another famous chant created by Grêmio's fans when the club won the World Club title is "Nada Pode Ser Maior" ("Nothing Can Be Greater"). Soon after winning the Intercontinental Cup, Grêmio beat America of Mexico in Los Angeles, and won the Los Angeles Cup.
In 1989, Grêmio won at the first Copa do Brasil, a Brazilian knockout cup featuring football teams from all around the country. After humiliating Flamengo – the most supported football team in Brazil – with a 6-1 win in the second leg of the semi-finals, Grêmio defeated Sport Recife in the final, with a 0-0 draw in Recife and a 2-1 win in Porto Alegre.
In 1991, after a poor season, Grêmio was relegated for the first time to the Brazilian Second Division of Campeonato Brasileiro, but gained immediate promotion back to the Campeonato Brasileiro’s elite in the following season (1993). After this return to top form, 1994 saw Grêmio win its second Copa do Brasil, defeating Ceará in the two-leg final (0-0 and 1-0), the solitary goal scored by striker Nildo. The club then started its Tokyo Project.
Luiz Felipe Scolari (Felipão) and the Libertadores 1995
In May 1995, under manager Luiz Felipe Scolari, Grêmio was runner-up in the Copa do Brasil, losing the final match to Corinthians 0-1 at Olímpico Monumental. In August, a few days after beating arch-rivals Internacional for the state title (a match in which Grêmio played with a second squad), the club won the Copa Libertadores for the second time in its history. In the finals, Grêmio defeated Atletico Nacional of Colombia, then won 3-1 to Porto Alegre and drew 1-1 in Medellín. That tournament was marked by the matches against Palmeiras on the quarter-finals, who had the best squad on the competition, with players such as Rivaldo, Cafu, Edmundo, César Sampaio, Antônio Carlos, Roberto Carlos and Mancuso and was beaten by Grêmio on the 1st leg on an epic 5-0 match with a hat-trick from Jardel on 2nd half. On the 2nd match Palmeiras beat Grêmio on another incredible match by a 5-1 score, which wasn't enough for Palmeiras. However, trying to reach its second World Club title, Grêmio had a player sent off and was eventually defeated by Ajax Amsterdam of the Netherlands in the penalty shootout of the Intercontinental Cup. Early 1996 saw Grêmio win the Recopa Sudamericana, beating Argentina's Independiente 4-1.
On December 15, 1996, Grêmio won its second Campeonato Brasileiro, after defeating Portuguesa in the finals. Portuguesa won the first match 2-0, and therefore Grêmio was forced to win the final match at Porto Alegre for the same score or more, to follow on from the best campaign in the league. Eventually, Grêmio got to 2-0, with midfielder Ailton scoring the winning goal a few minutes before the final whistle.
In 1997, Grêmio won its third Copa do Brasil title. In the finals against Romário's Flamengo, Grêmio won after a 0-0 draw in Porto Alegre and a 2-2 in Rio de Janeiro. Grêmio won on away goals. Four years later, in 2001, Grêmio won its fourth Copa do Brasil, defeating Corinthians. The first leg of the final, in Porto Alegre, finished with the scoreboard 2-2, and the second game in São Paulo ended with Grêmio's victory by 3-1, in a match which is regarded by many as one of the finest in Grêmio’s history.
Mano Menezes and the Libertadores 2007
In 2004, after performing poorly for two consecutive seasons in the Série A, Grêmio was once again relegated to Campeonato Brasileiro’s Second Division, having finished bottom of the league. Grêmio’s task was much more difficult this time, with only two clubs able to qualify for promotion to the First Division. On November 26, 2005, at Estádio dos Aflitos, Recife, after having four players sent off and two penalty kicks against them (one shoted at the post by Bruno Carvalho on the first half when Grêmio was still with his full team and the other saved by its goalkeeper Galatto when Grêmio had only 7 men on the field), Grêmio beat Náutico by 1-0, with Anderson the scorer. With this victory, Grêmio won the second division of Campeonato Brasileiro and were promoted back to the First Division. That crucial match is referred to by fans as "The Battle of the Aflitos" ("A Batalha dos Aflitos", "Aflitos" being the name of Náutico's home field), because all the incidents both on and off the pitch resembled a true battle. The match became so mythical for Grêmio supporters that 2 movies and a book were made to tell the story.
On April 9, 2006, at Estádio Beira-Rio, Grêmio won the state championship against Internacional, preventing its rival from winning a fifth title in a row. Playing away, Grêmio managed to obtain a 1-1 draw at the last match, enough to secure the title. Grêmio players said, after the match, that there were more than 50,000 Internacional fans in Beira Rio’s Stadium, and they could still hear the noise made by 6,000 Gremistas, which was an extra source of motivation. In 2007, at Estádio Olímpico Monumental, Grêmio won the state championship (Campeonato Gaúcho) once again, against Juventude. In the semi-finals against Caxias, Grêmio suffered a 3-0 defeat in the first match, but managed to score a 4-0 win at Olímpico to qualify to the final.
Also in 2007, Grêmio reached the final of the Copa Libertadores 2007, after a series of dramatic matches against the top clubs in South America. Even after a 3-0 defeat at the away match, Gremistas formed huge lines to buy tickets for the final match in Porto Alegre, with some of the fans queuing for four days or more. In Campeonato Brasileiro 2007, Grêmio came sixth in the league table.
In 2008, after the sudden firing of their new manager Vagner Mancini, the club hired Celso Roth. Within a month they had prematurely dropped out of both the domestic cup (Copa do Brasil) and their state championship (Campeonato Gaucho). This led to the team going through a state of crisis and, soon after, major renovation. They were expected to be on the bottom half of the Campeonato Brasileiro's table, and maybe even relegated, but managed to finish at 2nd place. But for many supporters, even that was considered a failure as in the first half of the championship, the team was considered the best of the country more than 10 points ahead of their rivals. But unexpected loses during the final games of the season explain why the team lost the championship.
In 2009, giving priority to the Copa Libertadores 2009, the team played most of the state championship matches with the reserve squad. This and some controversial attitudes of coach Celso Roth led to several poor results, notably three losses to their main rival Internacional. In April, after the premature loss of the state championship, Celso Roth was fired.
Achievements
World
Continental
- Copa Libertadores de América: 2
- Winner: 1983, 1995
- Runner-up: 1984, 2007[7]
- Recopa Sudamericana: 1996[8]
National
- Campeonato Brasileiro - Série A (First Division): 2
- Copa do Brasil: 4
- Winner: 1989, 1994, 1997, 2001
- Runner-up: 1991, 1993, 1995
- Campeonato Brasileiro - Série B (Second Division): 2005
- Supercopa do Brasil: 1990
Regional
- Copa Sul: 1999
- Sul-Brasileiro: 1962 (Special Edition)
State
- State Championships[13]: 1921, 1922, 1926, 1931, 1932, 1946, 1949, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010
- Copa FGF: 2006
City
- Porto Alegre champion[14]: 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1911, 1912, 1914, 1915, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1946, 1949, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960
- Wanderpreiss Cup[15]1904, 1905, 1906
Youth
- Campeonato Brasileiro Sub-20[16]: 2008, 2009
- Copa Macaé de Juvenis[17]: 2004
- Copa Santiago de Futebol Juvenil[18][19]: 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2008
- Taça Belo Horizonte de Juniores[20]: 2008
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A record
| Year | Position | Year | Position | Year | Position | Year | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 | 6th | 1981 | 1st | 1991 | 19th | 2001 | 5th |
| 1972 | 10th | 1982 | 2nd | 1992 | - | 2002 | 3rd |
| 1973 | 5th | 1983 | 14th | 1993 | 13th | 2003 | 20th |
| 1974 | 5th | 1984 | 3rd | 1994 | 14th | 2004 | 24th |
| 1975 | 15th | 1985 | 23rd | 1995 | 15th | 2005 | - |
| 1976 | 6th | 1986 | 14th | 1996 | 1st | 2006 | 3rd |
| 1977 | 13th | 1987 | 5th | 1997 | 15th | 2007 | 6th |
| 1978 | 6th | 1988 | 4th | 1998 | 8th | 2008 | 2nd |
| 1979 | 22nd | 1989 | 11th | 1999 | 18th | 2009 | 8th |
| 1980 | 6th | 1990 | 3rd | 2000 | 4th | 2010 |
Current squad
Note: In Brazil it is not customary to use fixed numbering on kits for players. This means players may change numbering often, and the starting eleven usually use the numbers 1-11.
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Notable former players
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Technical staff
- Renato Portaluppi – Manager
- Francisco Cersósimo – Goalkeeping Coach
- Andrey Lopes – Under-20 Team Coach
- Luís Paulo Peixoto "Bugre" – Under-17 Team Coach
- Alarico Endres, Felipe do Canto e Márcio Bolzoni – Club Doctors
- José Leandro, Henrique Valente e Rafael Gobato – Physiotherapists
- Marcos Zeilmann e Zezinho – Masseurs
Stadium
Estádio Olímpico Monumental, as it is called today, was inaugurated on September 19, 1954, baptized as Estádio Olímpico . It was the biggest private stadium in Brazil, then. Estádio Olímpico's first game was between Grêmio and Nacional from Montevideo; Grêmio won by a score of 2-0.The 2 first goals of the stadium were scored by Vitor, that entered in the club's history for scoring Olímpico's first goals. In 1980, Olímpico had the second ring built, and the stadium was rebaptized as Olímpico Monumental. The first Game of Olímpico Monumental, was played on June 21, 1980, and Grêmio beat Vasco da Gama by a score of 1-0. Today, Estádio Olímpico Monumental has a public record of 98,421 people in the game against Ponte Preta on April 26, 1981. The Estádio Olímpico Monumental, has 40 berths supporting 10 people and 5 berths supporting 20 people. It also has 140 Tribune of Honor special places. It has 28 special seats for handicapped people with 22 places for people making company. The Estádio Olímpico Monumental's Parking lot, has space for 700 vehicles.
Former coaches
Celso Roth- Cláudio Duarte
- Ênio Andrade
Evaristo de Macedo
Hugo De Leon- Juan Mujica
- Mano Menezes
- Luiz Felipe Scolari
Rubens Minelli
Telê Santana- Tite
- Valdir Espinosa
Anthem
Grêmio's anthem is one of the most critically well-acclaimed amongst all Brazilian clubs because, other than the anthems of the clubs from Rio de Janeiro (all composed by Lamartine Babo), it is the only football anthem composed by a renowned composer, Lupicínio Rodrigues. Featuring a vivid and playful melody, the anthem features the famous verses: Até a pé nós iremos / para o que der e vier / mas o certo é que nós estaremos / com o Grêmio onde o Grêmio estiver (Even on foot we shall go / against all obstacles / but it is for sure we will be / with Grêmio wherever Grêmio may be). Grêmio fans are very fond of their faith, even when the club is not doing well, and boast that Grêmio, as the anthem hints, has never played without supporters somewhere in the world.
Eurico Lara, a goalkeeper who played for the club in the 1920s and in the 1930s, is mentioned in the anthem, where he is called the immortal idol (or craque imortal, in Portuguese).
Symbols
Stars
According to the club the gold star means the victory of world championship (clubs); the silver one means two South American competition winnings; and one of bronze to the National competitions. There is also a gold star in Grêmio’s flag that represents a player Everaldo, immortal soccer star from 70’s; he was the first Gaúcho (people from this southern State) being world champion by the Brazilian National Football.
Flag
The first flag was presented by the club for the first time during the Baixada’s opening ceremony. At that time, it had a horizontal stripe in blue, black and white with a medallion on the left top corner. The Brazilian Flag was the inspiration to Tri-color’s standard from 1918 to 1944.
The supporters
There are around 8 Million Grêmio fans in Brazil, meaning that, in terms of numbers of followers, Grêmio is 6th in Brazil. Grêmio supporters are regarded as some of the most passionate fans in Brazilian club football.
Grêmio's organized fans are Geral do Grêmio, Máfia Tricolor, Garra Tricolor, Super Raça Gremista and Torcida Jovem do Grêmio.
Team kit evolution
- Home colours - Listras verticais em azul, branco e preto;
- Away colours - Branco com detalhes pretos e azuis;
- Alternative colours - Preto com listras azuis e brancas.
The rivalry
As the years went on, Grêmio and another important Brazilian football club, Internacional, started to form a rivalry. Soon the games between these two clubs got their own name, Gre–Nal, and resulted in record attendance. Now the games fill the streets of Porto Alegre with football-crazed fans. The rivalry is now so ingrained that for many gaúchos and portoalegrenses blue is the opposite colour of red...
In 1935, Eurico Lara, who was Grêmio's goalie, conceded a penalty kick. When the Internacional player was about to kick it, Lara's brother stopped the game and reminded him of his doctor's recommendation that he didn't overexert himself. He didn't listen. Soon the Internacional player took the shot. Lara caught it, but as soon as he did he fell sideways and didn't move. He was substituted after the wondrous save, and Grêmio won the game. But unfortunately he died two weeks later as a result from the fatigue from that game. Lara has been immortalized in the club anthem.
References
Websites
- ↑ http://www.gremio.net/page/view.aspx?i=mem_int&language=0
- ↑ Brazilian Football Confederation ranking
- ↑ CONMEBOL ranking
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 http://www.gremio.net/page/view.aspx?i=historia&language=0
- ↑ "International Titles - 1983 Toyota Intercontinental Cup World Champion". gremio.net. 2008-01-15. http://www.gremio.net/page/view.aspx?i=mundial_83&language=0.
- ↑ "International Titles - 1995 Toyota Intercontinental Cup Runner-up". gremio.net. 2008-01-15. http://www.gremio.net/page/view.aspx?i=mundial_95&language=0.
- ↑ "Copa Libertadores 2007 Conmebol". zerozero.pt. 2007-09-01. http://www.zerozero.pt/br/edicao.php?id_edicao=1432.
- ↑ "International Titles - Recopa Sudamericana: Champions". gremio.net. 2008-01-15. http://www.gremio.net/page/view.aspx?i=recopa_camp&language=0.
- ↑ "National Titles - 1981 Brazilian Champions - Final Match report". gremio.net. 2008-01-15. http://www.gremio.net/page/view.aspx?i=camp_bra81&language=0.
- ↑ "National Titles - 1981 Brazilian Champions - Season results and Goalscorers". gremio.net. 2008-01-15. http://www.gremio.net/page/view.aspx?i=camp_bra81cam&language=0.
- ↑ "1996 Two-Time Brazilian Champions - Final Match report". gremio.net. 2008-01-15. http://www.gremio.net/page/view.aspx?i=bicamp_bras96&language=0.
- ↑ "1996 Two-Time Brazilian Champions - Season results and Goalscorers". gremio.net. 2008-01-15. http://www.gremio.net/page/view.aspx?i=bicamp_bras96ca&language=0.
- ↑ "Memorial e Títulos - Campeonato Gaúcho". gremio.net. 2008-01-15. http://www.gremio.net/page/view.aspx?i=id_617&language=0.
- ↑ "National Titles - Grêmio's City and State Champions (in Portuguese)". gremio.net. 2008-01-15. http://www.gremio.net/page/view.aspx?i=camp_cid_est&language=0.
- ↑ "National Titles - Grêmio's City and State Champions (2) (in Portuguese)". gremio.net. 2008-01-15. http://www.gremio.net/page/view.aspx?i=camp_cid_est&language=0.
- ↑ "Grêmio derrota Sport de virada e leva Brasileiro sub-20". Estadão. 2008-12-21. http://www.estadao.com.br/esportes/not_esp297422,0.htm.
- ↑ "Copa Macaé de Juvenis 2001 (U-17) List of Champions". RSSSF Brasil. 2008-01-01. http://www.rsssfbrasil.com/tables/macjvcamp.htm.
- ↑ "Copa Santiago de Futebol Juvenil (U-17) List of Champions". RSSSF Brasil. 2007-01-24. http://www.rsssfbrasil.com/tables/csantcamp.htm.
- ↑ "Grêmio campeão da Copa Santiago". gremio.net. 2008-01-30. http://www.gremio.net/news/view.aspx?news_type_id=16&id=4012&language=0.
- ↑ "Grêmio faz 2 a 1 e conquista Taça Belo Horizonte de juniores". Globo Esporte. 2008-08-02. http://globoesporte.globo.com/Esportes/Noticias/Futebol/0,,MUL710080-9825,00-GREMIO+FAZ+A+E+CONQUISTA+TACA+BELO+HORIZONTE+DE+JUNIORES.html.
- ↑ http://www.gremio.net/page/view.aspx?i=id_767&language=0
Books
- Enciclopédia do Futebol Brasileiro, Volume 1 - Lance, Rio de Janeiro: Aretê Editorial S/A, 2001.
- Especial Placar - 500 Times do Brasil, São Paulo: Editora Abril: 2003.
External links
- (Portuguese) (English) Grêmio Official Website
- (Portuguese) (English) Geral do Grêmio Official Website
- (Portuguese) (English) Nação Tricolor
- (Portuguese) (English) Ducker - Unofficial Website Biggest source of pictures and videos of Gremio's fans
- (Portuguese) Coleção Grêmio Gianfranco The best online collection of Grêmio memorabilia; organized by Gianfranco Spolaore
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